This study was first published in 1989 by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki and it is used as a self-study manual by the students. The main idea of the book is the reference to two axes which define according to the writer the formation of the art in the twentieth century; the first axis will be the analysis -as the logical arrangement of the construction of the picture, whose reasonings will replace the visual impression -and the other axis will be the construction. [...]