[{"id":116532,"title":"Μουσείο Αιγίου (γαλλικά)","subtitle":null,"description":null,"image":"http://www.biblionet.gr/images/covers/b119123.jpg","isbn":"960-214-372-X","isbn13":"978-960-214-372-8","ismn":null,"issn":null,"series":{"id":7667,"name":"γαλλικά","books_count":2,"tsearch_vector":"'gallika'","created_at":"2017-04-13T01:59:01.964+03:00","updated_at":"2017-04-13T01:59:01.964+03:00"},"pages":32,"publication_year":2004,"publication_place":"Αθήνα","price":"5.0","price_updated_at":"2007-03-27","cover_type":"Μαλακό εξώφυλλο","availability":"Κυκλοφορεί - Εκκρεμής εγγραφή","format":"Βιβλίο","original_language":null,"original_title":"Μουσείο Αιγίου","publisher_id":776,"extra":null,"biblionet_id":119123,"url":"https://bibliography.gr/books/mouseio-aigiou-gallika.json"},{"id":116521,"title":"Das Archäologische Museum von Rhodos","subtitle":null,"description":"Das Archaologische Museum von Rhodos ist im mittelalterlichen Gebaude des Ordenshospitals untergebracht, das die Ritter des Ordens vom Heiligen Johannes zu Jerusalem im 15. Jahrhundert erbaut haben. Die Wurzeln des Ordens befinden sich im Palastina der Kreuzzuge, wo Jo-hanniter die Pilger schutzten und Kranke in vorbildlichen Hospitalern behandelten. Auf Rhodos setzten die Johanniter diese Mission fort und grundeten kurz nach ihrer Ankunft auf der Insel 1309 ihr erstes Hospital.\u003cbr\u003e[...]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e(απόσπασμα από το βιβλίο)","image":"http://www.biblionet.gr/images/covers/b119112.jpg","isbn":"960-214-538-2","isbn13":"978-960-214-538-8","ismn":null,"issn":null,"series":{"id":4106,"name":"Αρχαιολογικοί Οδηγοί","books_count":119,"tsearch_vector":"'archaiologikoi' 'arhaiologikoi' 'arxaiologikoi' 'odhgi' 'odhgoi' 'odigoi'","created_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00","updated_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00"},"pages":56,"publication_year":2006,"publication_place":"Αθήνα","price":"7.0","price_updated_at":"2007-03-27","cover_type":"Μαλακό εξώφυλλο","availability":"Κυκλοφορεί","format":"Βιβλίο","original_language":null,"original_title":"Το Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Ρόδου","publisher_id":776,"extra":null,"biblionet_id":119112,"url":"https://bibliography.gr/books/das-archaologische-museum-von-rhodos-8a05c1e7-6a45-4dfa-b2e1-027190f7b637.json"},{"id":116526,"title":"Das byzantinische Ägina","subtitle":null,"description":null,"image":"http://www.biblionet.gr/images/covers/b119117.jpg","isbn":"960-214-453-X","isbn13":"978-960-214-453-4","ismn":null,"issn":null,"series":{"id":4106,"name":"Αρχαιολογικοί Οδηγοί","books_count":119,"tsearch_vector":"'archaiologikoi' 'arhaiologikoi' 'arxaiologikoi' 'odhgi' 'odhgoi' 'odigoi'","created_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00","updated_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00"},"pages":84,"publication_year":2004,"publication_place":"Αθήνα","price":"10.0","price_updated_at":"2007-03-27","cover_type":"Μαλακό εξώφυλλο","availability":"Κυκλοφορεί","format":"Βιβλίο","original_language":null,"original_title":"Η Βυζαντινή Αίγινα","publisher_id":776,"extra":null,"biblionet_id":119117,"url":"https://bibliography.gr/books/das-byzantinische-agina.json"},{"id":116504,"title":"Το κάστρο των Ιωαννίνων","subtitle":null,"description":"Η αναφoρά στο Κάστρο των Ιωαννίνων ουσιαστικά ταυτίζεται με την ανίχνευση των απαρχών της ίδιας της πόλης. Η έλλειψη πρώιμων αρχαιολογικών ευρημάτων, εκτός από λείψανα κτιρίου ελληνιστικών χρόνων που εντοπίστηκαν κάτω από το βυζαντινό λουτρό στην αυλή του Σουφαρί-σεράι και η ασάφεια των ιστορικών πηγών προβλημάτισαν από νωρίς τους μελετητές για το χρόνο ίδρυσης των Ιωαννίνων. Βασισμένοι σε μια περιγραφή του Προκοπίου στο έργο του \"Περί κτισμάτων\", σχετικά με το χώρο στον οποίο μετοίκησαν κατά τον 6ο αιώνα μ.Χ. οι κάτοικοι της πόλης Εύροιας της Θεσπρωτίας, που μοιάζει με αυτόν των Ιωαννίνων, υποστήριξαν ότι η νέα Εύροια ταυτίζεται με τα Ιωάννινα. Η σύγχρονη έρευνα όμως, βασισμένη σε ενδελεχέστερη μελέτη των χωρίων του Προκοπίου, των ιστορικών γεγονότων αυτής της περιόδου και της συστηματικής έρευνας του χώρου κοντά στην αρχική Εύροια, σε συνδυασμό με την παντελή έλλειψη αρχαιολογικών ευρημάτων εκείνης της περιόδου από το Κάστρο των Ιωαννίνων, δίνει πειστικότερη απάντηση, αφού τοποθετεί τη νέα Εύροια στο λόφo Καστρίτης Θεσπρωτίας. Η τοποθεσία αυτή εισχωρεί στην Αχερουσία λίμνη, βρίσκεται απέναντι από την αρχική Εύροια (το σημερινό χωριό Γλυκή) και ανταποκρίνεται στις περιγραφές του Προκοπίου. Επιπλέον, στο χώρο αυτό επισημάνθηκαν μεσαιωνικά λείψανα.\u003cbr\u003eΠρέπει 'να φθάσουμε στον 9ο αιώνα μ.Χ. για να συναντήσουμε την πρώτη αναφορά στα Ιωάννινα, μέσα από το όνομα του επισκόπου Ιωαννίνων Ζαχαρία. Ήδη έχουν συμβεί καταλυτικές πολιτικές ανακατατάξεις. Οι επιδρομές των βαρβαρικών φύλων και η νέα πολιτική του βυζαντινού κράτους οδήγησαν σε μαρασμό τα μέχρι τότε αστικά και θρησκευτικά κέντρα. Τον 9ο αιώνα η Νικόπολη παύει να υπάρχει ως οργανωμένο αστικό κέντρο. [...]","image":"http://www.biblionet.gr/images/covers/b119095.jpg","isbn":"960-214-170-0","isbn13":"978-960-214-170-0","ismn":null,"issn":null,"series":{"id":4106,"name":"Αρχαιολογικοί Οδηγοί","books_count":119,"tsearch_vector":"'archaiologikoi' 'arhaiologikoi' 'arxaiologikoi' 'odhgi' 'odhgoi' 'odigoi'","created_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00","updated_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00"},"pages":52,"publication_year":2006,"publication_place":"Αθήνα","price":"6.0","price_updated_at":"2007-03-27","cover_type":"Μαλακό εξώφυλλο","availability":"Κυκλοφορεί","format":"Βιβλίο","original_language":null,"original_title":null,"publisher_id":776,"extra":null,"biblionet_id":119095,"url":"https://bibliography.gr/books/to-kastro-twn-iwanninwn.json"},{"id":116519,"title":"Το Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Ρόδου","subtitle":null,"description":"Το Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο της Ρόδου στεγάζεται στο μεσαιωνικό κτίριο του μεγάλου νοσοκομείου που έχτισαν οι Ιππότες του Τάγματος του Αγίου Ιωάννη της Ιερουσαλήμ το 15o αιώνα. Οι ρίζες του Τάγματος βρίσκονταν στη σταυροφορική Παλαιστίνη, όπου οι Ιωαννίτες προστάτευαν τους προσκυνητές και περιέθαλπαν όσους αρρώσταιναν σε πρότυπα νοσοκομεία. Στη Ρόδο οι Ιωαννίτες εξακολούθησαν την αποστολή αυτή και το πρώτο νοσοκομείο τους στο νησί ιδρύθηκε λίγο μετά την άφιξή τους το 1309.\u003cbr\u003eΤο 1437, ο καταλανός μεγάλος μάγιστρος Antoni Fluvian άφησε στη διαθήκη του 10.000 χρυσά φλουριά για να χτιστεί το μεγάλο νοσοκομείο που σώζεται σήμερα, ποσόν που βέβαια κάλυψε μικρό μόνο μέρος του τελικού κόστους. Οι εργασίες ξεκίνησαν επί του διαδόχου του, μεγάλου μαγίστρου Jean de Lastic, το 1440 και περατώθηκαν από το μεγάλο μάγιστρο Pierre d'Aubussοn το 1489 με την επίβλεψη του Ιωαννίτη Pierre Clouet. Πάντως, το νοσοκομείο δεχόταν ήδη ασθενείς το 1485. [...] ","image":"http://www.biblionet.gr/images/covers/b119110.jpg","isbn":"960-214-486-6","isbn13":"978-960-214-486-2","ismn":null,"issn":null,"series":{"id":4106,"name":"Αρχαιολογικοί Οδηγοί","books_count":119,"tsearch_vector":"'archaiologikoi' 'arhaiologikoi' 'arxaiologikoi' 'odhgi' 'odhgoi' 'odigoi'","created_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00","updated_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00"},"pages":56,"publication_year":2006,"publication_place":"Αθήνα","price":"7.0","price_updated_at":"2007-03-27","cover_type":"Μαλακό εξώφυλλο","availability":"Κυκλοφορεί","format":"Βιβλίο","original_language":null,"original_title":null,"publisher_id":776,"extra":null,"biblionet_id":119110,"url":"https://bibliography.gr/books/to-arxaiologiko-mouseio-rodou.json"},{"id":116523,"title":"Museo Archeologico di Rodi","subtitle":null,"description":"Il Museo Archeologico di Rodi e ospitato nell'edificio medievale del grande ospedale, costruito dai Cavalieri dell'Ordine di San Giovanni Gerosolimitano, nel XV secolo. Le origini dell'Ordine si trovano nella Palestina delle Crociate, dove i Giovanniti proteggevano i pellegrini e assistevano coloro che si ammalavano all'interno di ospedali modello. A Rodi i Giovanniti continuarono questa missione e il loro primo ospedale venne fondato poco dopo il loro arrivo nel 1309.\u003cbr\u003e[...]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e(απόσπασμα από το βιβλίο)","image":"http://www.biblionet.gr/images/covers/b119114.jpg","isbn":"960-214-489-0","isbn13":"978-960-214-489-3","ismn":null,"issn":null,"series":{"id":4106,"name":"Αρχαιολογικοί Οδηγοί","books_count":119,"tsearch_vector":"'archaiologikoi' 'arhaiologikoi' 'arxaiologikoi' 'odhgi' 'odhgoi' 'odigoi'","created_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00","updated_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00"},"pages":56,"publication_year":2006,"publication_place":"Αθήνα","price":"7.0","price_updated_at":"2007-03-27","cover_type":"Μαλακό εξώφυλλο","availability":"Κυκλοφορεί","format":"Βιβλίο","original_language":null,"original_title":"Το Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Ρόδου","publisher_id":776,"extra":null,"biblionet_id":119114,"url":"https://bibliography.gr/books/museo-archeologico-di-rodi.json"},{"id":116520,"title":"The Archeological Museum of Rhodes","subtitle":null,"description":"The Archaeological Museum of Rhodes is housed in the medieval Great Hospital built by the Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in the 15th century. The origins of the Order lay in Crusader Palestine, where the Knights protected pilgrims and looked after those who fell ill in their hospitals. In Rhodes the Hospitallers continued this vocation and their first hospital there opened shortly after their conquest of the island in 1309.\u003cbr\u003e[...]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e(απόσπασμα από το βιβλίο)","image":"http://www.biblionet.gr/images/covers/b119111.jpg","isbn":"960-214-490-4","isbn13":"978-960-214-490-9","ismn":null,"issn":null,"series":{"id":4106,"name":"Αρχαιολογικοί Οδηγοί","books_count":119,"tsearch_vector":"'archaiologikoi' 'arhaiologikoi' 'arxaiologikoi' 'odhgi' 'odhgoi' 'odigoi'","created_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00","updated_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00"},"pages":56,"publication_year":2006,"publication_place":"Αθήνα","price":"7.0","price_updated_at":"2007-03-27","cover_type":"Μαλακό εξώφυλλο","availability":"Κυκλοφορεί","format":"Βιβλίο","original_language":null,"original_title":"Το Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο Ρόδου","publisher_id":776,"extra":null,"biblionet_id":119111,"url":"https://bibliography.gr/books/the-archeological-museum-of-rhodes.json"},{"id":116637,"title":"Pella","subtitle":null,"description":null,"image":"http://www.biblionet.gr/images/covers/b119228.jpg","isbn":"960-214-146-8","isbn13":"978-960-214-146-5","ismn":null,"issn":null,"series":{"id":4106,"name":"Αρχαιολογικοί Οδηγοί","books_count":119,"tsearch_vector":"'archaiologikoi' 'arhaiologikoi' 'arxaiologikoi' 'odhgi' 'odhgoi' 'odigoi'","created_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00","updated_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00"},"pages":74,"publication_year":2004,"publication_place":"Αθήνα","price":"6.0","price_updated_at":"2011-07-20","cover_type":"Μαλακό εξώφυλλο","availability":"Κυκλοφορεί","format":"Βιβλίο","original_language":null,"original_title":"Πέλλα","publisher_id":776,"extra":null,"biblionet_id":119228,"url":"https://bibliography.gr/books/pella-340a4faa-aaaa-4389-adcf-6d0b9b7aed89.json"},{"id":116602,"title":"Rhodes from the 4th c. A.D. to its Capture by the Ottoman Turks (1522)","subtitle":"Palace of the Grand Master","description":null,"image":"http://www.biblionet.gr/images/covers/b119193.jpg","isbn":"960-214-441-6","isbn13":"978-960-214-441-1","ismn":null,"issn":null,"series":{"id":6976,"name":"1522","books_count":2,"tsearch_vector":"'1522'","created_at":"2017-04-13T01:52:08.920+03:00","updated_at":"2017-04-13T01:52:08.920+03:00"},"pages":132,"publication_year":2004,"publication_place":"Αθήνα","price":"15.0","price_updated_at":"2007-03-28","cover_type":"Μαλακό εξώφυλλο","availability":"Κυκλοφορεί","format":"Βιβλίο","original_language":null,"original_title":"Η Ρόδος από τον 4ο αιώνα μέχρι την κατάληψή της από τους Τούρκους (1522): Παλάτι Μεγάλου Μαγίστρου","publisher_id":776,"extra":null,"biblionet_id":119193,"url":"https://bibliography.gr/books/rhodes-from-the-4th-c-ad-to-its-capture-by-ottoman-turks-1522.json"},{"id":116642,"title":"The Medieval City of Rhodes and the Palace of the Grand Master","subtitle":null,"description":"In 1988, a few months before the Summit Meeting of the EEC in the Grand Master's Palace in Rhodes, I was asked by the then political head of the Ministry of Culture to write a small booklet about the Palace to be distributed to the delegates of the member states of the EEC and the journalists. In the end the booklet became a book and much larger in content and length than had originally been commissioned.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt seemed to me hardly possible to present the Palace of the Grand Master without reference to the rest of the medieval city, of which it was always the heart. I must also confess that the idea had crossed my mind many years ago of writing and publishing a book that would give a condensed picture of the medieval city of Rhodes complete with its historical background. Thus the form of the book \"The City of Rhodes and the Palace of the Grand Master\" was dictated on the one hand by the intentions of those responsible at the Ministry of Culture and on the other by my own long cherished ambitions. The venture, in which I also involved my colleagues in the Publications Direction of the Archaeological Receipts Fund (TAP), was a bold one and not without its hazards. Time was very short for writing a book that would be both a scholarly work and a worthy publication, particularly in view of the fact that I was fully occupied, twelve hours a day, in renovating and equipping the palace in preparation for the Summit Meeting. It seemed at times as though the text would never be finished. In the Palace, when we removed the plaster with which the Italians had covered the walls, or made small exploratory soundings in the floors for the requirements of the work, new evidence emerged. This frequently contradicted the conclusions of earlier scholars, and also my own, which were based on all the new evidence, evidence, however, which was continually and rapidly changing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe manuscript was finally delivered, at which point Mrs Evangelia Kypraiou, head of the Archaeological Receipts Fund Publications Direction, and her colleagues were confronted with the aunting task of having the text translated into English and printed on time. I must say that their achievement of this was a feat in itself.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eI should point out that the book published here is not exactly the same as the one which appeared \u0026amp;lsfl m 1988. Not only have the omissions and errors which were inevitable at the time due urgent deadline been corrected, but also some ten years have passed since then, and in the me mucn has changed. Excavations have uncovered new evidence, especially for the early fortifications of the medieval city, and many new studies on its archaeology and history have appeared. The picture today, of the medieval city therefore, is not the same as that in 1988, and it is this new picture that I have tried to impart here.\u003cbr\u003e[...]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e(από τον πρόλογο του βιβλίου)\u003cbr\u003e","image":"http://www.biblionet.gr/images/covers/b119233.jpg","isbn":"960-214-912-4","isbn13":"978-960-214-912-6","ismn":null,"issn":null,"series":{"id":4106,"name":"Αρχαιολογικοί Οδηγοί","books_count":119,"tsearch_vector":"'archaiologikoi' 'arhaiologikoi' 'arxaiologikoi' 'odhgi' 'odhgoi' 'odigoi'","created_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00","updated_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00"},"pages":192,"publication_year":2005,"publication_place":"Αθήνα","price":"10.0","price_updated_at":"2007-03-28","cover_type":"Μαλακό εξώφυλλο","availability":"Κυκλοφορεί","format":"Βιβλίο","original_language":null,"original_title":"Η μεσαιωνική πόλη της Ρόδου και το παλάτι του Μεγάλου Μαγίστρου","publisher_id":776,"extra":null,"biblionet_id":119233,"url":"https://bibliography.gr/books/the-medieval-city-of-rhodes-and-palace-grand-master.json"},{"id":116636,"title":"Πέλλα","subtitle":null,"description":"Οι ιστορικές μαρτυρίες για την Πέλλα, την πρωτεύουσα της αρχαίας Μακεδονίας, είναι περιορισμένες. Έτσι, μόνο η ανασκαφική έρευνα μπορεί να αναπλάσει την ιστορική φυσιογνωμία της πόλης που υπήρξε πρωτεύουσα της μεγαλύτερης δύναμης της Ελλάδας...","image":"http://www.biblionet.gr/images/covers/b119227.jpg","isbn":"960-214-144-1","isbn13":"978-960-214-144-1","ismn":null,"issn":null,"series":{"id":4106,"name":"Αρχαιολογικοί Οδηγοί","books_count":119,"tsearch_vector":"'archaiologikoi' 'arhaiologikoi' 'arxaiologikoi' 'odhgi' 'odhgoi' 'odigoi'","created_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00","updated_at":"2017-04-13T01:26:08.548+03:00"},"pages":74,"publication_year":2004,"publication_place":"Αθήνα","price":"6.0","price_updated_at":"2011-07-20","cover_type":"Μαλακό εξώφυλλο","availability":"Κυκλοφορεί","format":"Βιβλίο","original_language":null,"original_title":null,"publisher_id":776,"extra":null,"biblionet_id":119227,"url":"https://bibliography.gr/books/pella-0538bb72-497a-424c-9baa-cb2ad772223d.json"},{"id":117412,"title":"Οι τάφοι του Δερβενίου","subtitle":null,"description":"Η αποκάλυψη των ασύλητων, πλουσιότατων σε κτερίσματα από χρυσό, άργυρο, χαλκό, σίδηρο, ελεφαντόδοτο, αλάβαστρο, γυαλί και πηλό, κιβωτιόσχημων τάφων του Δερβενίου το 1962 αποτέλεσε σημαντικό αρχαιολογικό γεγονός για τη Μακεδονία...","image":"http://www.biblionet.gr/images/covers/b120005.jpg","isbn":"960-214-103-4","isbn13":"978-960-214-103-8","ismn":null,"issn":null,"series":null,"pages":378,"publication_year":1997,"publication_place":"Αθήνα","price":"32.0","price_updated_at":"2007-04-24","cover_type":"Μαλακό εξώφυλλο","availability":"Κυκλοφορεί - Εκκρεμής εγγραφή","format":"Βιβλίο","original_language":null,"original_title":null,"publisher_id":776,"extra":null,"biblionet_id":120005,"url":"https://bibliography.gr/books/oi-tafoi-tou-derbeniou.json"},{"id":118965,"title":"Museum of Asian Art on Corfu","subtitle":null,"description":"The only museum in Greece devoted exclusively to the art and antiquities of the Far East and India is the Museum of Asian Art on Corfu, housed in the Palace of St. Michael and George. This elegant neoclassical building, one of the finest monuments on Corfu, is located in the heart of the town at the north end of Spianada Square. [...]\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e(excerpt from the catalogue's text)","image":"http://www.biblionet.gr/images/covers/b121558.jpg","isbn":"978-960-214-593-7","isbn13":"978-960-214-593-7","ismn":null,"issn":null,"series":null,"pages":94,"publication_year":2007,"publication_place":"Αθήνα","price":"15.0","price_updated_at":"2007-06-19","cover_type":"Μαλακό εξώφυλλο","availability":"Κυκλοφορεί","format":"Βιβλίο","original_language":null,"original_title":"Μουσείο Ασιατικής Τέχνης στην Κέρκυρα","publisher_id":776,"extra":null,"biblionet_id":121558,"url":"https://bibliography.gr/books/museum-of-asian-art-on-corfu.json"},{"id":125711,"title":"The Castle at Platamonas","subtitle":null,"description":"At the southeast foot of Mt. Olympus, set on a hill beside the sea and dominating the shortest route between Macedonia and Thessaly, there rises the castle of Platamonas, that is, the walled medieval settlement of Platamonas. The castle, one of the most beautiful and best preserved in Greece, \"moves us with its silent presence, connecting specialists with the past, but giving each of us the message of its essential nothingness and future desertion\", as the most important student of its history, the late Apostolos Vacalopoulos, notes. \u003cbr\u003eIt was inevitable that the position of the castle on the hill controlling the road to the entrance of the Vale of Tempe, the strategic passage to southern Greece, did not go unnoticed in antiquity, particularly during the Byzantine period, which was so disturbed by population movements. But in the post-Byzantine period, particularly after the establishment of the use of gunpowder and the gradual perfecting of firearms, the castle's importance diminished and became limited to that of defense against Aegean pirates and attacks by the \"klephts-armatoloi\" (groups of insurgents from the mountain regions of Greece). In the early 19th century Turkish military advisers pointed out that the castle \"is dominated by nearby heights, from which it could successfully be attacked\". But these observations did not prevent it from playing some role in the turbulent history of the region down to the present time.","image":"http://www.biblionet.gr/images/covers/b128323.jpg","isbn":"978-960-214-605-7","isbn13":"978-960-214-605-7","ismn":null,"issn":null,"series":null,"pages":58,"publication_year":2007,"publication_place":"Αθήνα","price":"8.0","price_updated_at":"2008-02-15","cover_type":"Μαλακό εξώφυλλο","availability":"Κυκλοφορεί","format":"Βιβλίο","original_language":null,"original_title":"Το κάστρο του Πλαταμώνα","publisher_id":776,"extra":null,"biblionet_id":128323,"url":"https://bibliography.gr/books/the-castle-at-platamonas.json"},{"id":166247,"title":"The History of Coinage","subtitle":null,"description":"Money has been used throughout time in every aspect and for every reason. Its acquisition has always been one of the main goals of individuals. Coins constitute the basic unit of measuring money. They have been altered and adapted to every change caused by different reasons always conforming to social, economic and historical circumstances.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe first coins were made of electrum, a gold-silver alloy, in the end of the 7th century BC in Asia Minor. It was the precious metal that determined the value of a coin whereas its small size made it easy to carry. Later, the symbol of the issuing authority was added which guaranteed the coin's weight and its authenticity. The Greek cities spread its use from Spain to the Black Sea. They used their symbols, heroes, gods, animals, plants etc., to mark their coins. They issued mainly in silver because they had easier access to that precious metal. Bronze coins for the small-scale everyday transactions began to circulate in the late 5th century and especially during the 4th century BC. Philip II of Macedon issued gold coins since he had access to the gold mines on the Pangaion Mountain. After the death of Alexander III the Great, the rulers and kings of every city began to be depicted on their coins.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe image of the emperor became the consistent iconographic type on the Roman coins from the 1 st century BC to the 4th century AD. Roman gold, silver and bronze coins were widely spread in the then known world. On the Byzantine coins, the emperor's image is complemented by the depiction of the divine; Christ, Manus Dei, Virgin Mary and various Christian symbols were chosen for the obverse of the coins. These bore the God and the Emperor, thus reflecting the idea the Byzantines had of their world. From the 4th to the 11th century BC, the Byzantine gold solidus became predominant in the Eastern Mediterranean and beyond. The gold coins issued in Western Europe imitated the Roman and Byzantine coins. The Venetian coinage would become prevalent in this area from the 1 3th to the 15th century while the gold florin of Florence would develop into the basis of commercial transactions in 14th century Europe.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLarge silver and later, gold coins were issued from the 15th century onwards, abiding by the new world that arose amidst the discoveries, the new metal ores and the growth of trade; these coins would dominate the world. Spanish, and later Austro-Hungarian, thalers would flow the markets, thus forcing peripheral powers to adapt to the thaler system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfter the French Revolution, the decimal system was established, first in France and then in a large part of the world. Since the 19th century the use of paper currency became popular resulting in the end of the correlation between precious metals and coins. Until recently, the circulation of banknotes depended on gold reserves. The end of the equivalence between precious metal and coins resulted in the change of international economy and marked the universal dominance of digital money.\u003cbr\u003e","image":"http://www.biblionet.gr/images/covers/b169300.jpg","isbn":"978-960-214-945-4","isbn13":"978-960-214-945-4","ismn":null,"issn":null,"series":null,"pages":132,"publication_year":2010,"publication_place":"Αθήνα","price":"20.0","price_updated_at":"2011-07-20","cover_type":"Μαλακό εξώφυλλο","availability":"Κυκλοφορεί","format":"Βιβλίο","original_language":null,"original_title":"Η ιστορία του νομίσματος","publisher_id":776,"extra":null,"biblionet_id":169300,"url":"https://bibliography.gr/books/the-history-of-coinage.json"}]